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RMS Lancastria
RMS ''Lancastria'' (later HMT ''Lancastria'')〔"RMS" stands for Royal Mail Ship; HMT stands for His Majesty's Transport〕 was a British Cunard liner commandeered by the UK Government for war. She was sunk on 17 June 1940 during World War II with at least 4,000 fatalities, and possibly a great many more.〔(The 'Lancastria' – a Secret Sacrifice in World War Two )〕 It is the greatest ever loss of life in the sinking of a single British ship, claiming more lives than the combined losses of the (1,517 passengers and crew) and (1,198 passengers). It had also the highest death toll for UK forces in a single engagement in the whole of World War II.
==Career==
The ship was launched in 1920 as ''Tyrrhenia'' by William Beardmore and Company of Glasgow on the River Clyde for Anchor Line, a subsidiary of Cunard. She was the sister ship of RMS ''Cameronia'' that Beardmore's had built for the same customer the previous year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lancastria )〕 ''Tyrrhenia'' was 16,243 gross register tons, long and could carry 2,200 passengers in three classes. She made her maiden voyage, Glasgow–Quebec City–Montreal, on 19 June 1922.
In 1924 she was refitted for two classes and renamed ''Lancastria'', after passengers complained that they could not properly pronounce ''Tyrrhenia''. She sailed scheduled routes between Liverpool and New York until 1932, and was then used as a cruise ship in the Mediterranean and Northern Europe.〔 On 10 October 1932 ''Lancastria'' rescued the crew of the Belgian cargo ship , which had been abandoned in a sinking condition in the Bay of Biscay.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Belgian Merchant P–Z )〕 In 1934 the Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland chartered the ''Lancastria'' for a pilgrimage to Rome. With the outbreak of the Second World War she carried cargo, and was then requisitioned in April 1940 as a troopship, becoming the HMT ''Lancastria''. She was first used to assist in the evacuation of troops from Norway.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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